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Additional heterogeneities in transmission are shown to be necessary to facilitate coexistence of wildtype and modified pathogen strains.
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It would only take one accidental release of a modified pathogen, causing a handful of deaths, to do irreparable harm to the reputation of scientists and trust in science more broadly.
Bacterial uptake leads to formation of a heavily modified pathogen containing vacuole termed inclusion [ 13].
The NSABB has noted that international collaboration is needed to safeguard against the accidental release of modified pathogens.
The modified pathogens created through so-called 'gain-of-function' experiments could, if accidentally released from labs or deliberately misused, cause man-made pandemics.
Moreover, resistance is affected by environment and the appearance of virulent pathogen strains (Hausbeck and Lamour,2004).
Microbial genotyping is essential for forensic discrimination of pathogen strains, tracing epidemics, and understanding evolutionary processes.
Genetic differences between the strains could explain why these two pathogen strains trigger different responses from the plant host.
Pathogen responses to serial passage varied substantially between the two pathogen strains.
When strains within coinfections can be transmitted simultaneously, coinfections can become prevalent if pathogen strains are highly transmissible.
decrease the circulation of all pathogen strains associated with particular agents, including antibiotic-resistant and -sensitive strains.
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