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An electrochemical method based on potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) employing a cryptand [2.2.1] (CRY) and carbon nanotube (CNT) modified paste electrode (CRY CNT-PE) has been proposed for the subnanomolar determination of bismuth.
The most notable observations from the heat release rate curve is that the use of either fly ash or silica fume as cement replacement results in reduced heat release peak magnitudes for the major hydration signature, with the fly ash modified paste showing the lowest heat release peak.
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For preparation of the bare and modified electrodes, the working electrode cavities with 3 mm diameter were filled with unmodified and modified pastes.
The experimental results show the setting time of the WGP modified pastes were prolonged due to the lower rate of hydration.
When the total heat released at the end of 48 h for OPC and modified pastes and 72 h for the activated slag pastes (note that the steady state is not reached until about 60 h for the high M s value pastes) are compared, it can be noticed that a distinct plateau is observed for the activated slag pastes, corresponding to the very long dormant period.
The typical cell for electrochemical data measurement was assembled as follows: SCE, KCl (3 M) | sample solution | the general carbon paste electrode or the modified carbon paste electrode.
The SNP was used as a bulk-modifier to fabricate a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by direct mixing.
The P2Mo18-PPy was used as a bulk-modifier to fabricate a chemically modified carbon paste electrode CPE) by direct mixing, which represents the example of polyoxometalates(POMs -doped semiconductor POMs -dopedoparticlesemiconductorectrode.
In order to evaluate the electrocatalytic properties, Mg/Al and Mg/Ca/Al hydrotalcite-like materials (LDHs) and their corresponding mixed oxide were immersed in a carbon paste electrode matrix to obtain the so-called modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE).
Besides the advantageous properties and characteristics listed before, the feasibility of incorporation of different substances during the paste preparation (which results in the so-called modified carbon paste electrode) allows the fabrication of electrodes with desired composition and, hence, with predetermined properties [16, 17].
In this research, we have improved two aptasensors based on a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) with oleic acid (OA), and a magnetic bar carbon paste electrode (MBCPE) with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and oleic acid (OA).
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