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Sixteen microlitre of PCR product using the adapter sequences were used to generate RNA probes with Dig (Roche 11277073910), DNP (Perkin Elmer NEL555001EA), or Fitc (Roche 11685619910) modified nucleotides in an overnight T7 reaction (Promega P2077).
To identify positions of chemically modified nucleotides in ERRE, primer extension analysis was used using 5 different oligonucleotide primers (Table 1), essentially as previously described in [43], [67].
The modified nucleotides in SOMAmers are designed to maintain canonical base-pairing [24], [27] (in a DNA duplex, adducts at the 5-position of pyrimidines are directed toward the major groove of DNA) and hybridize effectively to unmodified DNA oligonucleotides on the array (this is also required for replication during SELEX).
The same conclusion applies for modified nucleotides in rRNAs (see [ 24]; ).
These results indicate that our bioinformatics method successfully detected modified nucleotides in tRNAs.
The same is true for other modified nucleotides in the 16+23 S rRNAs.
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This effectively marks the positions of other nucleotides that are found near the modified nucleotide in the three-dimensional structure of the RNA molecule.
The 3-DNA has the methyl group of the modified nucleotide in one strand, whereas the methyl groups of the thymine bases 7 and 8 are on the other strand.
The probability of unknown modified nucleotides remaining in one of the six unsequenced tRNAs of H. volcanii is small.
The efficiency of incorporation is low, and the excess of free modified nucleotides remaining in the mix dramatically decreases the productivity of translation.
If the functional replacement of many RNA modification by salts had indeed occurred, then modified nucleotides remaining in t+rRNA of halophilic organism must serve purposes other than stabilization of RNA architecture, such as decoding, accuracy of translation or other functions that cannot be functionally replaced by the electrostatic interactions provided by the surrounding salts.
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