By raising the pay of particular workers and by modifying fluctuations in the workers' favour, over a period of time collective bargaining has made the total of pay higher than it would have been otherwise in the same conditions of the market.
This index was calculated using Eq. (1) proposed by Müller (1969): {text{I}}_{text{geo}} =, log_{2} frac{{C_{n} }}{{1.5 times B_{n} }} (1 where Cn is the sediment metal concentration; A is the constant for modifying the fluctuation of the background value caused by lithological movement, usually 1.5 (Bhuiyan et al. 2010); and Bn is the geochemical background value of the metal.
The mutation frequency of T. thermophilus HB8 was estimated based on the frequency of streptomycin-resistant mutants measured by means of the modified Luria-Delbruck fluctuation test [42] as described previously [23].
Following these woes surrounding the U.S. dollar, the dollar price of gold was raised to $38 USD per ounce and the Bretton Woods system was modified to allow fluctuations within an augmented band of 2.25% as part of the Smithsonian Agreement signed by the G-10 members in December 1971.
For the remaining methods, the objective is modified to minimizing the fluctuation of the profile of metabolite concentrations/fluxes, according to the hypotheses of M-DFBA and R-DFBA.
31 used a modified version of the fluctuation assay procedure involving a reporter construct to characterize the DFE of beneficial mutations in an environment where wild-type fitness is low, and found that a normal distribution provided the best fit to their data.
As a next step in determining the boundaries of the CBM model, the present experiment was designed to test whether modified interpretive style endures fluctuations in mood.
We quantified the modulation of both speed and head direction on Δrate/ΔCOM by a multi-variant linear regression and then removed the modulation to obtain the modified lap-by-lap fluctuations in firing rate/COM (modified Δrate/ΔCOM), which were no longer correlated with speed or head direction (see 'Materials and methods').
To reduce the wave resistance, calculated pressure on the hull surface is modified to have the lower fluctuation, and is applied as a Dirichlet type dynamic boundary condition on the hull surface.
In such a case, the forms of the conventional fluctuation theorems get modified, the correction term involving terms that depend on the way the reverse/conjugate process is defined, namely, the rules of using feedback in order to generate the exact time-reversed/conjugate protocols.
