A modified defect-chemistry model shows that cation vacancies controlled the creep rate at PO2≤105 Pa for x=0.3 and at low PO2 for x=0.1 and 0.2, and that oxygen vacancies were rate-controlling at high PO2 for x=0.1 and 0.2.
The water vapor modifies defects in ceramics located near grain boundaries, this process accompanied by void fragmentation at water adsorption with further void agglomeration at water desorption after drying.
The data are interpreted in terms of a modified point defect model that takes into account the existence of an insulating outer layer on the defective WO3 barrier layer.
The VFC Director used the modified pattern defect definitions to re-classify the 19 visual fields in the evaluation set.
Clinical indices have been used for recording such defects, including the Al-Alousi index, developmental defects of enamel index, tooth surface index of fluorosis, modified developmental defects of enamel index and the enamel defects index (EDI).
This follow-up work provides an optimized structure design based on the integration of double 60° bend waveguides and modified center-defect photonic crystal microcavity to further improve sensitivity.
This study shows that the flanging height does not influence significantly the surface defect geometry whereas the flanging radius and the corner radius modify the defect depth.
For quantification, grading for "degree of defect repair and filling of the defect" as described by Marlovits et al. [ 11] was modified as "cartilage defect" for the purposes of our study.
Generally, post-deposition annealing treatment is a convenient and appropriate way to modify intrinsic defects and improve the crystallinity of ZnO.
In addition, the water vapor modifies structural defects located at the grain boundaries in a vicinity of pores, this process being accompanied by void fragmentation during water adsorption and agglomeration during water desorption after drying.
Importantly, while this overexpression did not modify developmental defects of rk animals, it restored ISC quiescence in dlgr2-IR and rk midguts.
