The hydrochlorination of propene or, in general, the addition to alkenes is said to be initiated by electron-seeking (electrophilic) reagents, while the additions to alkynes, aldehydes, and ketones are said to be initiated by electron-rich (nucleophilic) reagents.
This is because, the electron deactivating nitro group is replaced by electron-rich amino group.
There is, therefore, a question mark over whether the synthesis and stabilization of cyclo-P5 by electron-rich d-block metals is a mandatory requirement.
First, the reaction was promoted by electron-rich sulfides, and second, enzyme-catalyzed azide reduction to sulfonamide represented a significant side reaction, particularly with less reactive, electron-deficient sulfides (Scheme 1).
The procedure of sample preparation by Hayat [ 25] with minor modified by the Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, was used for the TEM study.
We designed and synthesized three new tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives (CZ-TPE, DMA-TPE and TPA-TPE) modified with different electron rich group (carbazole, N, N-dimethylaniline and triphenylamine segments, respectively) by Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
Microbeads functionalized with the aptamers and modified electron rich proteins were arrayed within a microfluidic channel and were connected with the horseradish peroxidases (HRP) and capture DNA probe derivative gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via hybridization.
The G-rich probe is the complementary DNA sequence modified by adding a G-rich overhang sequence at the 3′-end.
In cross-linking experiments, analyzing how the protein is modified by cross-linker provides rich information about the protein 3D structure.
These states, associated with the free electron Landau levels, modified by the Coulomb interaction between the donor ion and electron, are known as Landau-like states [7].
