Sentence examples for modified by cigarette from inspiring English sources

Several proteins such as secretory proteins, histone-modifying enzymes, signaling mediators, and transcriptional regulators have been shown to be oxidatively modified by cigarette smoke, adding to cellular dysfunction and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases [54],[54].

In interaction models, the association between iAs exposure and pregnancy loss was modified by cigarette smoking during pregnancy (Table  4).

We found some evidence that total intake of vitamin E, total carotenoids, niacin and possibly thiamin might be modified by cigarette smoking in that inverse associations were observed largely among heaviest smokers.

In order to investigate whether the effect of the identified variants on lung cancer was modified by cigarette smoking, we performed interaction analysis between the two SNPs and smoking levels.

4 In this study, we therefore investigated whether polymorphisms in the DNA BER genes (XRCC1 G399andnd OGG1 C326G) are associated with CCA risk and whether their effects are modified by cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in a Northeastern Thai population residing in a high-incidence area of opisthorchiasis-related CCA.

In a case control study nested within the joint Nordic and Italian cohorts, the association between CA frequency and risk of cancer was not modified by sex, age, cigarette smoking, occupational exposure, or time since the cytogenetic assay (Bonassi et al. 2000).

BMD and rates of bone loss in later life may be modified by exercise programs [27], cigarette smoking [28] and fat mass [29,30] in addition to having a substantial genetic component, with heritability estimates of 77% and 89% for hip and lumbar spine, respectively [31].

However, several factors partially contributing to differences in risk estimates are modified by attained age, time since last exposure, exposure rate, and cigarette smoking patterns.

Klareskog and colleagues in Sweden have found that cigarette smoking may trigger HLA-DR restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullination, potentially explaining the interaction between HLA shared epitope and cigarette smoking that greatly increases the risk of anti-CCP-positive RA (L Klareskog, personal communication).

Results were not modified by maternal age, prior ischemic placental disease, year of pregnancy, cigarette smoking, or alcohol use during the first trimester.

Given that the main route of human exposure to N-nitroso compounds is cigarette smoke, the relation between processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk may be modified by smoking status.