The modified brain gene expression induced by UL was mirrored in the offspring, indicating a transgenerational transfer of the acquired differential expression levels.
Moreover, a recent study showed a strong association between certain IDE polymorphisms that are able to modify brain IDE transcription levels and the development of late onset AD [50], [51].
In the present study, we investigated whether voluntary daily running, sustained over several months, might improve cognition and motor function and modify the brain levels of selected proteins (SOD1, DYRK1A, MAP2, APP and synaptophysin) in Ts65Dn mice, a mouse model for Down syndrome (DS).
Transient ischemia modifies brain patterns of alternative mRNA splicing.
Hyperosmolar solutions have been used in neurosurgery to modify brain bulk and prevent neurological deterioration.
Winners earn "brain cells" and advance to higher "brain levels" accordingly.
Our finding that several proteins whose expression profiles are known to reflect the vulnerability status of axons and synapses have modified expression levels in the brains of two NCL mouse models provides further evidence in support of synaptic and axonal vulnerability in these disorders.
There were no significant correlations between clinical scales (modified Barthel, Mini-Mental State Examination and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Scale) and white matter mean diffusivity or fractional anisotropy values, either at a volume of interest or whole brain level (P > 0.05).
Indeed, chronic, but not acute, leptin treatment modified hypothalamic actin levels, and rearrangement of actin filaments in different brain regions has been associated with modifications in numbers of synaptic contacts and dendritic spines (33– 33).
We have even modified higher-level organisms to fight diseases, such as Zika-fighting mosquitoes.
