When modifying a tree T into T′ by proposing a new clade resulting from the joining of two existing clades C A and C B, S uperT riplets creates new triplets AB|X for any set of three taxa {A,B,X} such that A ∈ C A, B ∈ C B and X ∉ C A ∪ C B (Fig. 2).
We modified a species tree downloaded from the NCBI Taxonomy Database to reflect recent research on the evolutionary relationships between the clades considered and the approximate timing of divergence events [ 36, 39].
Based on this, we can modify a given tree T with bicentroid c T =r r′ into a tree T′ with unicentroid r∗ by inserting a new vertex on the edge r r′.
Only one CPU can modify a list or tree at a time; however, if the lists are independent, CPUs can work on independent lists or without risk of interfering with each other.
–A genetically modified tree can replace a natural tree without causing any harm to the ecosystem.
To give a precise example of how MowgliNNI proposes a more parsimonious reconciliation on a modified gene tree than Mowgli on the initial gene tree, Figure 12 details the particular case of family HBG040981, (a putative tocopherol cyclase).
To address these disadvantages, Huson and Rupp [ 44] proposed the cluster network approach to build a phylogenetic network from a collection of gene trees using a modified tree popping algorithm which they called network popping algorithm.
While the idea of generating a genetically modified olive tree has not been welcome, it is possible to explore molecular mechanisms of the common problems of olive through molecular genetics approaches.
Using a standard grain charging model along with a modified Barnes–Hut tree code for calculating grain dynamics, this paper examines the effect of including initial grain charging in coagulation of clouds of negative grains, positive grains, and a mixture of oppositely charged grains.
First remark that an NNI operation performed around the edge (w, v) of G to obtain a modified tree G′ does not alter the order of the nodes above v, which are then considered below indifferently of the tree they belong.
