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Modifications were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.
The mechanical properties of single chromatographic particles made of different formulations and with different surface modifications were characterized by a novel micromanipulation technique.
The modifications were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.
The outcomes of surface modifications were characterized by surface chemical compositions (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and surface morphology (atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)).
It's post-translational modifications were characterized in addition to its glycosylation [7], [10], [11]., The oral formulation of BmrhGM-CSF was used in our previous animal study.
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Three carbon materials before and after modification were characterized by SEM, BET and FTIR.
The surface properties of the biomaterials before and after modification were characterized and compared using FTIR and XPS.
The samples before and after the modification were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, FT-IR and XPS.
The catalysts with and without Pt modification were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electrochemical tests.
Microhardness profiles of boronickelized layers after laser modification were characterized by a smooth transition from the remelted zone through the heat affected zone to the substrate.
The properties and microstructure of the prepared membranes before and after modification were characterized.
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