Alternative surface modifications reporting to limit bacterial contamination exist but were not tested here.
In the short-term, the survival rate of SLA, HA coating, and oxidized surface modifications was reported to be 100%, but the survival rate tended to be slightly lower in the long-term [9 11].
All protocol modifications are reported to the relevant HREC in the Northern Territory and in Western Australia.
The starting strain TMB3042 (Table 1) harbours genetic modifications previously reported to be favourable for pentose fermentation, such as overexpression of PPP [ 31] and XK [ 32] and deletion of GRE3, encoding an endogenous unspecific aldose reductase (AR) [ 33].
A similar case of recombination can be found in the box H/ACA snoRNA GGgACA29 which is predicted to guide the Ψs at 28S rRNA-Ψ1612 rRNA-Ψ1612U5-Ψ43, while the two corresponding modificandonsnRNA reported to be independently guided by human snoRNAs ACA56 and ACA57, respectively [ 16, 27, 28].
Nevertheless, most of the histone modification maps reported to date provide only static pictures that link certain modifications with active or silenced states.
Since this modification is reported to be associated with enhancer activity (Heintzman et al. 2007), it is possible that the modification modulates the enhancer activity with the change of nucleosome positioning.
Surface modification was reported to enhance the dispersion characteristics of inorganic nanoparticles into the hosting polymer.
Cross linking and surface modification were reported to be dominating in the case of nitrogen plasma treatment compared to degradation.
