We further assess the possibility of the epigenetic modifications participating in short- or long-term behavioral effects associated with neuroinflammatory damage.
Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, participate heavily in the regulation of hepatic circadian rhythms 63, 64.
Together with DNA sequence alterations, DNA aberrant cytosine methylation and microRNA deregulation, epigenetic modifications participate in the malignant transformation of cells.
We know that certain histone modifications participate in tumour-suppressor gene silencing, in conjunction with CpG island hypermethylation (Fahrner et al, 2002; Ballestar et al, 2003) or in its absence, such as the case of p21WAF1.
Lastly, accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications also participate in the regulation of sex differentiation and sex change [ 152– 152].
Recent studies suggest that tau, upon alternative mRNA splicing and multiple posttranslational modifications, may participate in the regulations of intracellular signal transduction, development and viability of the neurons.
The first is that only a subpopulation of TSP-1 molecules in the correct conformation(s) (regardless of post-translational modifications) can participate in the activation process.
In addition to cis-acting regulation, epigenetic modifications directly participate to the endothelial-specific regulation of gene expression; eNOS is highly methylated in non-endothelial cells and is enriched in acetylated H3 and H4 histones in the regions surrounding the promoter and the transcription start site in endothelial cells [15], [16].
In addition to protein-coding genes, ncRNAs are also regulated by epigenetic modifications and participate in the development and progression of EC.
However the deubiquitinylases (DUBs), which catalyze the removal of these post-translational modifications and participate to reset the system to basal level following T-Cell receptor (TCR) engagement continue to be elucidated.
