The functional activity of β1 integrin receptors is affected by a broad range of regulatory molecules and processes including the concentration of divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ (Schnapp, 2006), collagen structure and folding, and the clustering, allosteric modifications, post-translational modifications, organization and arrangement of integrins at cell membranes (Alberts, 2002).
Increasing evidence indicates that besides promoters, enhancers, and epigenetic modifications, nuclear organization is another parameter contributing to optimal control of gene expression.
The balance between different post-translational modifications, the organization of nucleosomes and the cross talk within and between these factors can determine whether chromatin is present within an active euchromatin state or an inactive heterochromatin state.
Moreover, "cell wall modifications", "cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis", and cell cycle related GO terms such as "cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity", were statistically enriched in downregulated genes, indicating specific changes in these transcriptional responses.
The majority of commonly regulated genes involved sensory perception, mitochondrial function, G-protein coupled receptor activity as well as protein processing including degradation, transport, and post-translational modification, skeletal muscle function, metabolism, and chromatin modification and organization.
Depending on the synthesis route and conditions, it is possible to control the chemical nature of incorporated fluorine (such as adsorbed fluoride and lattice-doped fluorine) and the fluoride-mediated crystal modification and organization, which often results in exceptional surface and bulk physicochemical properties, giving rise to unique photocatalytic properties.
Numerous GO Processes associated with cell wall modification, intracellular organization and defense response exhibit increased enrichment during the resistant reaction.
For example, the 9 proteins of cluster 13 are enriched with terms related to chromatin modification, chromatin organization, and chromatin assembly and disassembly.
After TSA 6 h treatment, categories were enriched which contained genes with functions in histone modification, chromatin organization, transcription regulation and cell cycle control.
In summary, ApiAP2 proteins are a family of stage-specific transcriptional regulators for diverse processes ranging from epigenetic modification, chromosome organization and dynamics, invasion, protein sorting and trafficking, protein turnover, and metabolism.
Among the gene ontology (GO) categories enriched among the Ino− mutants identified by Villa-Garciá et al. (2011) are: response to stress, protein modification, chromosome organization, response to chemical stimulus, cellular carbohydrate metabolism, psuedohyphal growth, and transcription.
