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They might be attributed to modifications of the apatite structure induced by the presence of silicon.
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The particle size of the apatite is 40 nm.
The particle size of the apatite obtained by annealing at 700°C is 40 nm (Figure 3), corresponding to a particle size of apatite in native bone.
It is shown that the particle size of the apatite obtained that annealed 700°C is 40 nm corresponding to the particle size of apatite in native bone.
The XRD diffraction peaks confirmed the formation of the apatite phase on the surface of the scaffolds.
The zwitterionic pSBMA surface brushes, capable of attracting both cationic and anionic precursor ions during calcium phosphate apatite mineralization, increased the surface mineral coverage from 32%to71%1%, and significantly reinforced the attachment of the apatite crystals on the Ti6Al4V substrate.
This is due to the lack of control on orientation and size of the apatite crystals formed during this process.
However, it seems that only low power plasma ashing was able to reserve the original characteristics of biological apatite, while either partial dissolution or transformation of the apatite crystals may be caused by the rest.
The apatite crystal thickness (short axis of the apatite crystal plate side) was measured for crystals that could be clearly distinguished in four TEM micrographs per specimens at 60K × magnification using ImageJ software.
Thus, the Ca/P ratio may not be the best parameter to evaluate the overall nonstoichiometry of the apatite phase.
Researchers have focused more on the surface modification of the fillers (such as calcium apatites) rather than on polymer surface modification due to the ease and convenience offered by these calcium apatites as compared to polymers.
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