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Discordant data have been reported on specific epigenetic modifications of tau- and amyloid-processing genes.
Besides phosphorylation, 50 additional chemically distinct modifications of tau have been reported.
Post-translational modifications of tau oligomers such as phosphorylation, polyubiquitination, and truncation can alter tau's biological function and self-assembly (Morishima-Kawashima et al., 1995).
Phosphorylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications of tau, which contributes to fine-tuning of its physiological functions both in development and adulthood [ 161].
We then sought to correlate retinal phenotypes with abnormal modifications of tau as assessed by phosphorylation at AD-relevant epitopes known to be preferentially phosphorylated by GSK-3β (29).
It is important to note, however, that posttranslational modifications of tau protein, such as truncation [ 37, 69, 70], abnormal hyperphosphorylation [ 71], glycosylation [ 72], glycation [ 73, 74], ubiquitination [ 75], polyamination [ 76] and nitration [ 77], play key roles in tangle development.
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But there is evidence from several animal studies that it also prevents the modification of tau protein that leads to the formation of intracellular tangles.
As shown in Figure 8A, only formaldehyde modified tau becomes unable to bind to DNA, but the modification of tau protein with IAA, EDAP, and ED could not result in a marked effect on the mobility of the DNA bands.
The major modification of tau is its phosphorylation.
Modification of tau pathology by specific inhibition of HDAC6 presents a potential therapeutic approach in tauopathy.
Epigenetic modification of tau may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for tauopathies [ 2].
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