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The various forms differ in minor modifications of side groups attached to the pyrrole groups.
For the design of 3, previously identified beneficial modifications of side chains of Neu5Ac were combined with the replacement of the ring oxygen by a methylene group and the substitution of the C(4 -OH by an acetamide.
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The modification of side chain length and head group of the PDA vesicles strongly affects the colorimetric response to temperature, ethanol and pH.
Covalent methods may result in modification of side chains essential for activity [26, 27].
But, kraft lignin (KL) which is present in pulp paper wastewater differs from model lignin (ML) as it undergoes a variety of reactions including aryl alkyl cleavages, strong modification of side chains, and various ill-defined condensation reactions causing the polymer to fragment into smaller water/alkali-soluble fragments (Chakar and Ragauskas 2004).
Several forms of heme exist depending upon the modification of side chains.
The generation of carbonyl groups in proteins, produced by the modification of side chains of some amino acids, is a suitable marker to monitor oxidation of the intracellular environment [17], [18].
The lower toxicity might result by diminished uptake into human cells due to modification of side chains.
Comparisons of high-resolution unliganded and liganded contours of other terpenoid cyclases, however, generally reveal conformational changes that reflect rigid-body movements rather than significant modification of side chain conformations.
Identification of amino acid residues at positions 2, 3, 7, and subsequent positions was not possible in the standard setup, suggesting posttranslational modification of side chains or unusual intramolecular bonds, both of which commonly occur in lantibiotics.
In this study, 20 unigenes ranging from 252 bp to 1,921 bp were homologous to the genes encoding GS-OX; however, the other genes corresponding to the modification of side chain could not be identified.
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