At the reproduction, three kinds of mutations can happen to each of two new cells: Deletions (removal of a gene from the cell's genotype), duplications (duplication of an existing gene in the cell's genome which results in a cell having two copies of the same gene), and modifications (change of shape of the Gaussian form of an existing gene).
Streamlining, the modification of shape to reduce drag, is commonly seen in human vehicles, as well as in birds, fish, insects and aquatic mammals.
The chapter describes some design examples and deals with theoretical problems, which occur during the modification of shapes.
Such adaptations include modifications of body shape and hydrodynamics [ 23– 25], swimming form and mechanical kinematics [ 26– 28], muscle composition [ 29– 31], metabolic rates [ 32], heart volume and aerobic capacity [ 32– 34], and mitochondrial structure and concentration [ 35].
Modifications of the shape of vertebral bodies are very common, resulting in flattened and rounded vertebrae (Fig. 5).
Our question was: might modifications of cell shape reflect on nuclear morphology and architecture and hence on chromatin function, in order to represent a mechanism of cell regulation?
Experiments designed to characterize the electric-field-induced modifications of the shape and size of the inner cone, and the concomitant changes in the temperature profiles of flames with equivalence ratios between 0.8 and 1.7, are also reported.
Ecological evidence indicates that modifications of leaf shape and size, coupled with differences in labdanum secretion and pubescence density, appear to be related to success of new species in different Mediterranean habitats.
Furthermore, our model is able to predict the various flower arrangements found in wild type flowers and those observed in mutants, as well as changes caused by modifications of the shape of the meristem, or alterations in the physical fields.
At a sedation dosage higher than usual, we have sometimes noticed burst suppression on EEG without significant modifications of SEP shape.
