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Over the last few decades, ecological factors, combined with everchanging landscapes mainly linked to human activities (e.g. encroachment and tourism) have contributed to modifications in the transmission of parasitic diseases from domestic to wildlife carnivores and vice versa.
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Such an "environmental message" may be carried to the next generation through epigenetic modifications in the form of incomplete or unstable methylation at certain regions of the genome, changes in the levels of DNMTs, histone modifications, and defects in the transmission of non-coding RNAs during the process of fertilization.
Firstly, it can mean the ways in which modification or packaging of DNA results in the transmission of information within a group of cells.
The effects of alcohol on sperm DNA methylation need further exploration, as do other epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modification and the transmission of RNA species that may affect gene expression in the gametes and early zygote.
However the second usage refers to the ways in which the modification or packaging of DNA might result in the transmission of information from one generation of people to the next, a theory for which there is not currently much evidence and which is therefore not well-established.
The same principle is true for histone-modifications that can be dynamically regulated in response to environmental stimuli, and changes in histone-modifications have been linked to the transmission of phenotypes across generations.
In classical Hebbian models, this famous postulate is often rephrased in the sense that modifications in the synaptic transmission efficacy are driven by correlations in the firing activity of pre- and postsynaptic neurons.
Specific molecular mechanisms are responsible for the transmission of particular acquired characteristics in a nongenetic manner: biochemical modifications in DNA or DNA-binding proteins can act as epigenetic markers.
He suggested that no memory in an intrinsic noisy biological system could be the way by which ES cells maintain and propagate their full potential, avoiding the transmission of stochastic modification patterns.
DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications have been considered as the main processes involved in conferring plasticity to transcriptional programs, and for allowing the transmission of epigenetic traits, including those involved in certain diseases [ 1].
Preventive measures should continue to focus on modification of behavior and improved personal hygiene to minimize the transmission of HSV.
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