Sentence examples for modifications in germ from inspiring English sources

Germ-line dependent epigenetics, on the other hand, are mediated by meiotic and embryonic survival of epigenetic modifications in germ cells, like DNA-methylation or variations in chromatin structure [32].

Previous studies found that a number of de novo mutations and epigenetic modifications in germ cells could lead to increased rates of autism, schizophrenia, and other mental disorders (Malaspina, 2001; Fombonne, 2005; Boyle et al., 2011; Callaway, 2012; Kong et al., 2012; Parner et al., 2012; Gratten et al., 2013; Zaidi et al., 2013).

Moreover, abnormal expression and methylation of Igf2 was observed in sperm of adult F1 male rats, indicating that epigenetic modification in germ cells can be partly progressed to the next generation.

Our results are in line with previous findings in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice, which provide evidence that PRC2-mediated epigenetic modifications in the germ cells can be transmitted to embryos by sperm and/or oocytes46,47.

Several studies have also documented transgenerational environmental effects arising from epigenetic modifications in male germ cells [ 86- 90].

To examine histone modifications in differentiating germ cells, we stained wild-type ovaries using monoclonal antibodies specific for histone modifications (Fig. 1; Kimura et al., 2008).

The mammalian genome undergoes major reprogramming of modification patterns in germ cells and in the early embryo.

Tourists also bring in germs.

They fly in germ-packed airplanes unscathed.

To answer that, we systematically investigated the pattern of DNA methylation and histone modifications, which are known to be differentially set during embryonic development of the germ line, in CIS cells and derived cancers and compared them to the epigenetic patterns of the same modifications in normal human germ cells in the adult testis and in foetal gonocytes.

This study confirms with more recent technology our previous findings that an endocrine disrupting agent (vinclozolin) has the ability to induce transgenerational epigenetic modifications in the male germ line.