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Inspection of the genome of A. cellulolyticus shows that the HotAldO gene is flanked by several genes involved in carbohydrate modifications and transport, including a major facilitator transporter, a glycosyl transferase protein, a carbohydrate kinase, a fructose-biphosphate aldolase and a DeoR family transcriptional regulator.
GO enrichment analysis revealed that biological processes such as cell adhesion, protein modifications and transport, development and cell signalling were over-represented amongst miR-218 targets (p<0.001).
The second cluster of genes was directly linked to membrane modifications and transport.
Particularly, GPCRs are confronted to a complex array of trafficking signals, post-translational modifications, and transport systems before reaching the final destination, the plasma membrane.
The induction of these genes, most of which participate in post-translational modifications and transport of proteins, is consistent with the enhancement, 4 to 11 days post refeeding, of the protein synthesis machinery.
Considering the accumulation of metabolites with specific molecular structures in the black (iRT) seed coat, putative functions of the differentially-expressed genes were assigned to specific structural modifications and transport functions.
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The Golgi complex is found in all cells except bacteria and plays an important role in the modification and transport of proteins within the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins.
Although these genes probably represent only about a third of those whose activity is altered during singing, they are surprisingly diverse, with roles in intracellular and synaptic signaling and protein modification and transport, among others, Jarvis says.
Prokaryotic LanC proteins are involved in the modification and transport of peptides by acting in concert with specific dehydratases to facilitate intramolecular conjugation of cysteine to serine or threonine residues, yielding macrocyclic thioether (lanthionine) products.
As shown in Table 2, genes downregulated and masculinized by CR are involved in immune response; genes upregulated and feminized by CR are involved in general metabolism and protein biosynthesis; and genes downregulated and feminized by CR are involved in enzymatic catalysis, and protein modification and transport through the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum.
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