The dispersion quality of the CNFs with and without surface modification is monitored by an oscillatory rheological investigation.
The change of the physico-chemical properties of the fibers due to desizing and subsequent surface modification is monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements.
All the attempts and progress in modifications were monitored by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations.
Surface modifications were monitored by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques.
The metallurgical modifications were monitored by micro-hardness measurements, and the in-depth residual stresses have been determined by the hole drilling technique.
The modification process was monitored using electrochemistry, SEM, XPS.
The stepwise modification process was monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy, water contact angles and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements.
Using the ClC-ec1 structure as a guide, we designed a strategy in which modification of Y445C was monitored in conjunction with inhibition by DIDS.
The activity of expressed NAs was measured based on published protocols using the fluorescent NA substrate MUNANA[50], [51] with the modification that fluorescence was monitored continuously.
cryo-TEM imaging revealed the formation of micelles that were used for dispersion of C60 fullerenes in native pH, and their responsiveness to pH modification and salt addition was monitored at different concentrations.
