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Heatmaps in Fig. 4a d illustrate the histone modification signal in unstimulated cells (NoStim H3K4methyls) corresponding to the k-means clusters described above.
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The regions with more than two-fold higher H3K4me3 modification signals in neurons than in non-neuronal cells were considered as regions preferentially expressed in neurons (assigned with a "N" flag).
Thus, we conclude that these two tools are the most suitable for histone modification signal detection in cancer data.
Gene Ontology analyses of these genes showed that they are involved in nucleic acid metabolism, protein modification, signalling, and in the cell cycle and/or protein transport.
These functions indicate that monoallelic expression genes are mainly involved in protein modification, signal transduction, and response to endogenous stimulus pathways.
Our conclusions help explain recent results using MPRAs to evaluate the accuracy of enhancers predicted by HMM-based integrations of histone modification signals [ 26] in human cell lines.
Higher eukaryotic cells utilize tyrosine phosphorylation as a major modification in signal transduction pathways in response to extracellular stimuli.
Utilising a relatively simple modification in signal processing at hard and/or software levels, this region can be considered as operational region for FS PCL with enhanced target detection and automatic target recognition capabilities.
Protein phosphorylation is a central post-translational modification in signal transduction; underscoring its importance is the observation that roughly 2% of eukaryotic genes encode kinases, and roughly one-third of all intracellular proteins may be phosphorylated on at least one residue [1] [3].
This review will focus on histone modifications (acetylation, methylation) in filamentous fungi, but also highlight some evidences linking chromatin modifications and signal transduction in general.
These hydroxylation reactions are catalysed by oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) [ 13, 14], establishing hydroxylation as a novel functional post-translational modification in signalling pathways [ 11].
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