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The C-24 oxidation pathway, the main side chain modification pathway is initiated by hydroxylation at C-24 of the side chain and leads to the formation of the end product, calcitroic acid.
The C-3 epimerization pathway, the newly discovered A-ring modification pathway is initiated by epimerization of the hydroxyl group at C-3 of the A-ring to form 1α,25(OH 2-3-epi-D3. A ratiOH 2-3-epi-D3OH 2-3-epi-D3sis OH 2-3-epi-D3logs of 1α,25(OH)2D3 is developed based on the knowledge of the various metabolic pathways of 1α,25(OH)2D3.
The predicted modification pathway is clearly not conserved in prokaryotes.
Authors' response: The eIF5A modification pathway is strictly conserved in eukaryotes.
A role for methyl-DNA binding proteins in the histone modification pathway is supported by studies with Rett syndrome cells where a methyl-DNA binding protein, MeCP2, is mutated.
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The C-23 and C-26 oxidation pathways, the minor side chain modification pathways are initiated by hydroxylations at C-23 and C-26 of the side chain and lead to the formation of the end product, calcitriol lactone.
We now know that instead of relying solely on one particular modification, the Wnt pathway is controlled by the coordinated actions of phosphorylation, ubiquitination and other PTMs.
A modification in the arrestin pathway is more likely to be demonstrated using a pharmacological challenge, as shown in the amphetamine studies by Skinbjerg and co-workers [23].
Modification of the BMP pathway is expected to be constrained due to its multiple functions in development.
A key function of the PCP pathway is modification of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton to enable morphogenetic movement of tissue, shaping of cells and/or directed cell migration, all of which are critical for normal development and optimum organ function (9– 13).
Another protein modification pathway that was illuminated by the screen is that of an ubiquitin-like modification, SUMO.
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