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It has to be taken into account, however, that the activity of this enzyme may be reduced by different effects, e.g., by translational control, post-translational modification or enzyme inhibition.
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One of the final steps in lysigenous aerenchyma formation is degradation of the cell wall, which is mediated by cell-wall modification or degradation enzymes.
T6SSs can act as classical virulence factors by injecting toxic effector proteins into eukaryotic cells, including actin modification or phospholipase enzymes (Durand et al., 2014).
A strong co-down-regulation of expansin and expansin-like (cell wall modification or remodeling enzymes [ 144]) transcripts at the onset of ripening supports this hypothesis.
Enlargement of the ketoisovalerate reductase pool can be an immediate source of genetic modification, or yield enzymes that can be further specialized by directed evolution, and also, this would optimize their industrial applications.
The U-system model does not necessarily fit all data well but is often sufficient for predicting metabolic behavior of metabolites which cannot be simultaneously measured, identifying inconsistencies between experimental data and the assumed underlying pathway structure, as well as predicting system responses to a modification of gene or enzyme.
Different from the reported eRNAs or PCGEM1 that are associated with components of Mediators, cohesin or chromatin modification enzymes, or directly open the chromatin accessibility, our data suggest that CCAT1-L interacts with CTCF and modulates CTCF binding to chromatin to maintain the looping at the MYC locus.
We envision such components acting in a coordinated fashion during S phase to recruit the appropriate histone modification or DNA methylation enzymes, required for the faithful inheritance of epigenetic marks.
The observed temporal delays in apoptosis post-caspase-3 activation leads to the hypothesis that bacterial pathogens may employ complementary strategies for both initial caspase-3 activation and later enzyme inhibition, most likely through modification or degradation of the enzyme by other effectors to prevent rapid apoptosis.
Ultimately, measuring mRNA levels is only a proxy for protein abundance, which is even more complicated when considering the importance of post-translational modifications that affect protein or enzyme activity.
This convention disregards the explicit post-translational modification state of the protein or enzyme.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com