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The pillarization resulted in the displacement of the low-angle diffraction pattern, indicating structural modification of the samples.
The ion beam modification of the samples showed significant structural and chemical changes at the surface as investigated with scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
A plethora of different structural (Powder XRD), microstructural (HR-TEM), morphological (surface area, CO chemisorption) and thermal analysis characterization techniques were used to evidence the modification of the samples induced by prolonged exposure to the reaction mixture.
This elemental analysis was performed 17 days after modification of the samples.
Nevertheless, the different processing methods could lead to artificial losses and modification of the samples, which could influence the results significantly [ 14].
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Because the contact probe itself induces the SERS effect, no modification of the sample is required.
This may result from a modification of the sample: tip-induced oxidation might happen despite the controlled nitrogen atmosphere.
A slight modification of the sample preparation protocol, dissolving 100 mg sample in 1 mL of the 2.5 M NaCl eluent buffer, gave an even better LOD (0.02%) and LOQ (0.09%) for OSCS [ 69].
We performed the preparation of standard solutions, quality control (QC) verification, sample preparation, and instrumental analyses as previously described (Calafat et al. 2004) with slight modification of the sample preparation as described herein.
For example, can the chemistry of the projectile be optimized to enhance ionization during a single impact event, or will chemical modification of the sample surface through many impacts be required?
However, the adaptive two-stage design implemented in this trial allows a data-driven modification of the sample size of the second stage based on the results of the interim analysis or on external information while the specified significance level is controlled when the decision rules defined above are adhered to [ 35].
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