The remainder used clinician opinion for development or modification of scales designed in high-income countries.
GEP70 risk scores are calculated using the method originally described by Shaughnessy et al. [ 6], with the additional modification of scaling the score to a range of 0 to 100 to assist in interpretation.
If future studies in other settings should also find that this scale shows no significant associations with relevant criteria, a modification of this scale would be necessary.
However, the development and modification of rating scales (particularly writing scales) is rarely discussed in language assessment literature.
The C-JCQ [ 14] is a modification of the scale originally developed by Karasek et al. [ 4].
Modification of Hayes' scaling factors by accounting for cartilage inhomogeneity and anisotropy improved the agreement of Young's moduli obtained for the two test configurations by 14 28%.
The creation and modification of genome-scale metabolic models is a task that requires specialized software tools.
The Adult Nonverbal Pain Scale is a modification of the FLACC scale and was developed for use in adult, non-communicative patients.
The plasma processing results in physical and chemical modification in scale of several nanometres (first few molecular layers) while maintaining the properties of the bulk unchanged [3].
Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using a five-point scale, which is a modification of the Kuppuswamy scale, and includes highest education, occupation, possessions and type, ownership and number of rooms in a house.
We used a modification of the motor scale of the Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale to capture extra-pyramidal signs [ 17].
