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Covalent modification of mutant p53 per se is sufficient to induce apoptosis in tumor cells.
To address this issue, we investigated the molecular and pathological basis for the phenotypic modification of mutant SOD1-expressing mice by ALS2 loss.
To further validate our high-confidence candidates, we established in vivo models of HD to investigate whether or not these genes are likely to be involved in mutant Htt toxicity and/or modification of mutant Htt aggregation in vivo.
SUMO-1 modification of mutant HTT in cells was also associated with increased toxicity and decreased aggregation by the striatal enriched small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Rhes (Subramaniam et al., 2009).
To address the functional consequences of SUMO modification of mutant HTT on disease, the involvement of SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 modification on the formation of insoluble HTT species was evaluated in HeLa cells, where SUMO modification systems are highly active.
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Collectively, these data suggest that CaM-peptide may specifically affect the CaM-mutant huntingtin interaction, thereby primarily altering TG-catalyzed modifications of mutant huntingtin.
Our current findings illustrate that the expression of CaM-peptide in a neuronal HD cell model results in decreased TG-modifications of mutant huntingtin and decreased cytotoxicity.
We examined the effects that CaM-peptide had on TG-catalyzed modifications of mutant huntingtin, cytotoxicity associated with mutant huntingtin, total TG activity and binding of CaM to exon 1 of mutant huntingtin.
These data support the hypothesis that CaM regulates TG-catalyzed modifications of mutant huntingtin and that specific and selective disruption of the CaM-huntingtin interaction is potentially a new target for therapeutic intervention in HD.
TG-catalyzed modifications of mutant huntingtin and cytotoxicity were attenuated in SHSY5Y-htt-N63-148Q cells expressing CaM-peptide compared with SHSY5Y-htt-N63-148Q cells expressing scram-CaM-peptide or GFP.
CaM-peptide was able to attenuate TG-catalyzed modifications to mutant huntingtin, but it was unclear whether this effect was specific to TG-catalyzed modifications of mutant huntingtin or if it was a non-specific effect on TG-catalyzed modifications of all TG substrates.
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