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Bukalo, O., Schachner, M. & Dityatev, A. Modification of extracellular matrix by enzymatic removal of chondroitin sulfate and by lack of tenascin-R differentially affects several forms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
Oxidative burst of zymosan-stimulated granulocytes led to CML modification of extracellular proteins within 60 120 min. Predifferentiated MM6 cells, exerting NADPH oxidase activity but lacking myeloperoxidase activity, showed CML modification of distinct intracellular proteins within 1 3 days upon stimulation.
As thiourea derivatives of proteins by isothiocyanates have been shown to modify physicochemical and enzymatic properties [26], [27], we sought to assess whether SF modification of extracellular signalling proteins had functional consequences.
The enzymes involved in modification of extracellular matrix also showed rapid responses (Fig. 2D).
Modeling neutrophils using a differentiated promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL60), we describe how inflammatory neutrophil death can lead to modification of extracellular proteins such as fibrinogen, which can become targets of ACPA.
The transglucosylase Bgl2 and the exoglucanase Xog1 (together with the GPI-modified, putative β-1,3-glucan-elongating enzyme Phr1) seem to be directly involved in formation and modification of extracellular matrix material in biofilms (24).
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For example, the AGE-modification of extracellular collagen reduces its elasticity and solubility, and results in increased stiffness, disturbed cellular adhesion and reduced turnover contributing to basement membrane thickening [ 6].
In addition, HOCl and Cl2 have been shown to mediate modifications of extracellular [ 56, 57] and intracellular components [ 40, 41].
The cellular microenvironment and modifications of extracellular matrix components (ECM) are closely correlated to malignant transformation and all the steps of the metastatic cascade [ 110, 111].
57 They cause altered expression and function of RyR2 via post-translational modifications of extracellular matrix components, which contribute to systolic and diastolic dysfunction.
Cells secrete a cocktail of enzymes, such as cholinesterases, peptidases, transpeptidases, nucleotidases, phosphodiesterases, ectokinases, and ectophosphatases, which lead to posttranslational modifications of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and the composition of this cocktail depends on cell type, external stimulations, and disease 10.
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