Beyond allelic differences, which can be mapped with QTL-analysis, welfare related biological responses may be mediated by acquired modifications in expression levels of genes and gene complexes.
The modifications in expression of the main transcripts of the coagulation system were confirmed by qRT-PCR.
As with Ppt1 −/− mice, the majority (14 out of 15) of proteins examined showed modifications in expression levels, with a magnitude >10% (Fig. 7A).
Any proteins identified as having similar modifications in expression profiles across both models of NCL would therefore have a strong case for being considered as potential 'biomarkers' of pre-symptomatic modifications in axonal and synaptic vulnerability in vivo.
Sequencing plant genomes along the evolutionary path will be very helpful in elucidating how modifications in expression of key developmental genes and/or coding sequences during evolution are somehow responsible for major trait changes or innovations.
In CePINs, proteins with higher degrees imply that they have more direct interacting partners co-expressed in gene expression levels; therefore any significant modification in their expression levels might influence more interacting partners.
Microarray data revealed that a numerous number of genes involved in cell wall modification increased in expression (Figure 5).
Similarly, the adaptive radiation of the lower jaw in cichlid fish (teleosts), namely the difference in craniofacial anatomy between Labeotropheus trewavasae and Metriaclima mbenjii, two closely related rock-dwelling cichlid genera with very different feeding behavior, relies on modifications in expressions of genes belonging to the Shh pathway [ 72].
We cannot exclude that earlier modification in gene expression might also have occurred before patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of septic shock.
IL-10 and IL-10Rβ did not show significant modification in their expression levels (section A).
