The pGlu-Abeta peptide modification has been demonstrated to be catalyzed by glutaminyl cyclase (QC) in vitro [ 50] and in vivo [ 11, 12, 49, 53].
To our knowledge, this is the first time that a synthetic phospho-mimic modification has been demonstrated with functional activity on a protein kinase.
Aging-related epigenetic modification has been demonstrated in the bladder (54), and it remains to be established whether epigenetic changes occur to its clocks during aging.
Since lifestyle modification has been demonstrated to be effective in prevention of type 2 diabetes, several prediction models have been developed to detect high-risk individuals among apparently healthy people for early intervention.
Ubiquitin-mediated protein modification has been demonstrated to play critical roles in regulation of growth, development, senescence [ 16– 18], abiotic stress responses [ 19], hormone signaling [ 20– 22], and immune responses against pathogens [ 23– 25].
This coordination is decisive for reproductive success in plants and its correlation with epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification has been demonstrated in several species [ 4, 6- 8].
Although this type of interface modification has been demonstrated in the bulk, there is no roadblock for performing it in in situ flow through mode of the porous materials in microengineering devices.
The sulfur-relay system classified in tRNA modification has been demonstrated to modify a few nucleotides of tRNA molecules, their increased expression has been reported contributing to stabilization of their structure, and was required for survival at an extremely high temperature in E. coli[ 40] and Thermous thermophilus[ 41].
Several phenotypic modifications have been demonstrated in cancer cells during their homing in the bone niche.
