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By combining ZnO QDs and NRs utilizing surface modification engineering, a rough surface and a relatively sharp top of ZnO NR can be achieved, resulting in a significant improvement of FE characteristics.
Although the transformation approaches used for Lolium-Festuca species have not yet involved plastid-directed modification engineering, the availability of plastome sequences from each of these species, as described in this study, now allows for this to be a future possibility.
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For minor modifications, engineering tests ('bench testing') and tests in animals can be acceptable alternatives for demonstrating the safety and efficacy of a newly developed medical device.
A new method of surface energy modification and engineering of the hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoceramics coatings is presented.
As a result of the targeted response modification, feasible engineering solutions can be achieved during the service life of structures.
Areas for potential intervention include environmental modification, improved engineering features of motor vehicle and other products, and promotion of safe behaviours through social marketing, legislation, and law enforcement.
The surface modification of engineering materials by laser beam scanning (LBS) allows the improvement of properties in terms of reduced wear, increased corrosion resistance, and better strength.
The developed approach of CNT modification with engineering plastics can be applied to other polymers and preparation of functional polymer/CNT nanocomposites.
Understanding the mechanisms of damage formation in materials irradiated with energetic ions is essential for the field of ion-beam materials modification and engineering.
Substantial equivalence is a concept developed by OECD in 1991 1993 [23], establishing that a novel food, for example one derived from genetic modification or engineering, should be considered the same as (and as safe as) a conventional food, if it demonstrates the same characteristics and composition as the conventional food [67].
Surface modification of engineering materials allows the production of far superior products in terms of reduced wear, increased corrosion resistance, better biocompatibility, and improved optical and altered electrical/electronic properties.
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