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Additional analyses for effect modification by parity, sex, and maternal atopy were carried out.
Effect modification by parity (0, > = 1), race/ethnicity (white, nonwhite), and income (> or < = $40,000/year) were investigated using stratification and interaction terms (with statistical significance defined as a p < 0.05).
Since the number of prior pregnancies is considered a risk factor for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy [ 22] we also examined potential effect modification by parity by including an interaction term between arsenic exposure and primiparous status.
Weisskopf and colleagues adjusted for parity and the presence of an older male sibling, but because of their small sample size (n = 173 mothers) were not able to examine the potential for effect modification by parity and BMI [ 33].
We also examined the potential for effect modification by parity and observed no significant interactions between parity status (primiparous vs multiparous) and arsenic quartile for any symptom (p = 0.78), nausea/vomiting (p = 0.22) or abdominal cramping (p = 0.61).
Parity Effect modification by parity was observed for preterm birth, with an increase in risk only among parous women with a history of bariatric surgery, whereas the risk increase was borderline for the smaller group of nulliparous women (fig 3).
Similar(53)
There was no effect modification by alcohol intake, parity, family history of breast cancer, menopausal hormone therapy, or number of mammograms.
We included cross product terms in the multivariate models to assess effect modification by alcohol intake, parity, family history of breast cancer, BMI, menopausal hormone therapy, and number of mammograms.
We did not find effect modification by personal characteristics (infant sex, maternal age, parity), so final models did not include interactions terms with these variables.
Heritabilities of twinning rate were very low, but increased by parity from 0.01 in first parity to 0.03 in fifth parity.
By parity of reasoning, "X" cannot mean nephrite.
More suggestions(15)
modification by contact
modification by subpopulation
modification by sex
modification by season
modification by baseline
modification by education
modification by study
modification by race
modification by child
modification by cytosine
modification by ethnicity
modification by income
modification by iron
modification by rurality
modification by age
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