To date, a large majority of studies have relied on evidence from non-native systems, in which genetic mutation of Shh to delete lipid modification sites is followed by overexpression of the mutated protein in cells or model organisms.
The strategies to increase product formation generally include a series of modifications in the microorganism metabolism, achieved by overexpression or knockout of enzymes in the producing pathway [13],[32], changing redox balancing of the cell by redirecting carbon fluxes from NADPH- to NADH consuming reactions [33]-[36] [33]-[36]ing global transcription machinengineeringd others (Table 1).
However, an understanding of the functional importance of lncRNAs in the context of the whole organism still relies on manipulating their expression by genetic modification, overexpression or knockdown strategies, and analysis of the resulting phenotypes.
However, unless an irreversible modification is being carried out (e.g., targeted mutagenesis by overexpression of zinc-finger nucleases, as proposed below), plasmid electroporation is not a suitable method for genetic perturbations in juveniles or adults.
In addition to the possible implication in cell wall modification, the overexpression of miR397 in rice improves rice yield by increasing grain size and promoting panicle branching [ 80], thus improving the biomass.
Selenomethionine-substituted ComFB (SeMet ComFB) protein was obtained by overexpression in BL21 DE3) in defined rich media [ 20] with slight modifications.
Furthermore, increasing IKr by overexpression of hERG currents, either by adenoviral transfer in the rabbit or guinea pig or by transgenic modification in mouse was reported to shorten APD (Nuss et al., 1999; Royer et al., 2005).
SUMO-2 modification regulates accumulation of insoluble HTT in HeLa cells in a manner that mimics proteasome inhibition and can be modulated by overexpression and acute knockdown of PIAS1.
We provide osmotic protection in YPH499fps1Δgpd2Δ by overexpression of Gup1.
The enhancing effect of L7 was occluded by overexpression of Gβγ, whereas the disinhibition was antagonized by overexpression of Gαo.
