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We also examined regional differences in effects and effect modification by individual characteristics.
We did not observe any statistically significant effect modification by individual level factors.
First, this was an ecological study design, so we were unable to explore effect modification by individual factors.
We evaluated the effects of temperatures on non-accidental mortality for subpopulations (Table 3) and further examined the statistical significance of effect modification by individual characteristics (Table 4).
In addition, to be able to study potential effect modification by individual factors we need to at least double the sample size (860 subjects).
Case-crossover desinherentlyntly controls for fixed individual characteristics like gender and race, and allows the evaluation of effect modification by individual characteristics.
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To investigate effect modifications by individual components of the MetS, we used stricter definitions.
We also assessed effect modifications by individual components of MetS, such as abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Such studies, however, did not consider the potential modification by an individual's genetic make-up.
We evaluated effect modification by several individual characteristics, and we investigated the exposure-response relations of the pollutants below selected thresholds.
We also examined effect modification by other individual-level factors, including sex, education, cigarette smoking, cardiac medication, and use of statins.
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