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Effect modification by environmental factors was however evident; having a marital partner, and if unmarried having social support, significantly reduced the impact of functional disabilities on the incidence of depression.
Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) hold promise for the detection of new regulatory mechanisms that may be susceptible to modification by environmental and lifestyle factors affecting disease [25].
An assessment of transport protein biosynthesis modification by environmental contaminants is needed to clarify this question.
Epigenome-wide association studies hold promise for the detection of new regulatory mechanisms that may be susceptible to modification by environmental factors affecting susceptibility to disease [ 67].
The presence of effect modification by environmental factors was evaluated using likelihood ratio tests between the interaction and main effect models.
The objectives of this study were to assess the association between LINE-1 methylation level and bladder cancer risk and to evaluate effect modification by environmental and genetic factors.
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There appear to be "discrete epigenetic checkpoints" [ 30] during which the genome is extra sensitive to modifications by environmental factors.
This discrepancy between global hypermodification and minimal local modification changes is consistent with our recent studies on human lymphoblastoid cell lines [ 22], and suggests that in ES cells, as in other cell types, many genes are sheltered from the global changes in histone modification induced by environmental inhibitors.
A gene-environment interaction refers to modification by an environmental factor of the effect of a genetic variant on a phenotypic trait [ 10].
The epigenetic modifications triggered by environmental stimuli during these sensitive periods can persist across the life course thereby leading to pathological conditions in adulthood [ 4].
A growing body of evidence suggests that the risk of development and progression of a variety of human chronic diseases depends on epigenetic modifications triggered by environmental cues during early life sensitive stages.
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