Engineering and functionalization of the eukaryotic cell surface has been achieved through genetic manipulation, covalent modification of glycans or lipids as well as by noncovalent modification using bifunctional small molecules or antibody moieties.
This suggests that the presence of two close cysteine residues in the hypervariable domain of H-Ras may be the main determinant for its selective modification by cyPG dienones, and possibly by other bifunctional cysteine reagents.
To radiolabel proteins with 99mTc, the tricarbonyl method developed by Waibel et al. [1] offers a convenient solution enabling labelling without prior modification with bifunctional chelators, under mild conditions in as little as 60 min, and has recently supported the development of new radiopharmaceuticals [12, 27].
However, the conclusions generalise to any morphogen pathway transduced by bifunctional transcriptional effectors.
These two activities are provided by bifunctional debranching enzymes in mammals and yeast and by two distinct enzymes in most bacteria.
Besides flexible size adjustment, the great popularity of GNPs originates also from their straightforward surface modification by formation of self-assembling monolayers (SAM) with thiol-containing bifunctional ligands.
A novel acid-base bifunctional adsorbent was synthesized using a three-stage process involving (i) synthesis of MCM-41 mesoporous silica (MS) carrier, (ii) acidic modification of the carrier by aluminum isopropoxide dosing (Al-MS), and (iii) basic modification by amino groups post-grafting (Al-MS2).
Effect modification by SES.
21, 2002, and provide any modifications by March 15 , 2002
The enhancement can be ascribed to combinatory effect of N-doped graphitized carbon and TiO2, in which the tolerance to CO-poisoning and the intrinsic kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction were simultaneously improved by the bifunctional effect and the modification of the electronic structure.
