Programmes are hindered by low participation.
As with sulfinic acid, elucidation of the biological and pathological role of sulfonic acid modification has been hindered by a lack of means to selectively detect this oxyacid.
Even when a family in a household had agreed to make changes, maintenance of dietary modification could be hindered by visits from friends or relatives whose preferences were adhered to.
If the in planta modification of (Me GlcA content by GH115 α-glucuronidase is hindered by xylan acetylation, a viable approach could be co-expression with an acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) to obtain synergism between these side-group removing enzymes.
The activity of PNGase F, however, is hindered when core α1,3-fucose is present, a modification that is a typical feature of plant and invertebrate glycans [ 6, 7].
However, its applications have been hindered by the limited dispersibility and surface-modification techniques.
Rational modification of lipase specificity may increase the commercial utility of this group of enzymes, but is hindered by insufficient mechanistic understanding.
Although these methods sometimes lead to significant cost savings, and many successful treatments have been reported, a wider application is hindered by the lack of understanding of the basic mechanisms of permeability modification by polymers.
Although the basic capability of AFM-based surface modification has been established, its wide-range of applicability as a viable nanomanufacturing technique has been hindered by several issues.
Effective MS/MS protein identification is hindered by factors such as noisy spectra, low-concentration proteins, post-translational modifications and chemical properties that interfere with peptide ionization.
