The PPI-1v accessory region in the non-invasive and intermediately virulent isolates contains a fragmented lantibiotic modification and export gene, and a putative lantibiotic immunity system ABC transporter (Table 3).
YGI-2 carries genes for the synthesis, modification, and export of an outer membrane anchored glycolipoprotein.
Each strain had a unique combination of metal import, binding, modification, and export genes that explain differences in patterns of metal resistance between strains.
Discussed below are the unique combinations of import, chaperone, modification, and export mechanisms involved in metal homeostasis and toxic metal resistance in eight sequenced Frankia strains.
This revision includes hundreds of peptides that exhibit (i) long leader peptide regions, (ii) similarity to proteins and enzymes assigned to other functions and (iii) locations distant to the genomic regions used to encode their modification and export genes.
Correctly folded proteins proceed to further modifications and export, defective ones are retained in the ER and then are unfolded and ubiquitylated while being translocated through the membrane on their way to cytosolic proteasomes [ 30, 71, 72].
The Golgi complex is the site of the modification, completion, and export of secretory proteins and glycoproteins.
More than 50% of the sequences in this class derive from transcripts associated with protein synthesis, energy metabolism, protein modification, and protein export.
We report the identification of 36 such genes, which are enriched for functions related to DNA- and chromatin-binding, chromatin packaging and modification, and mRNA export from the nucleus.
The antioxidant stress response is activated by oxidative stress (Section 3.1.1) and culminates in the neutralization, modification, and cellular export of oxidized/oxidizing compounds and/or potentially hazardous products of oxidation reactions (Section 3.1.2).
Over 4500 proteins reside within human nucleoli and through the control of their sequestration and release, nucleoli modulate a diverse range of cellular functions such as control of the cell-cycle apparatus, ageing, cellular stress responses, mRNA export and modification, protein degradation, assembly and export of RNPs [ 21- 28, 31, 33, 45, 48, 103- 105].
