Even though the fold changes seen by microarray experiments is typically modest, such experiments may underestimate actual changes in malignant epithelial cells due to the dilution of changes in malignant epithelial cells by stromal cells that constitute a significant proportion of pathological specimens.
These patients tended to underestimate the modest objective benefits of suvorexant, so many patients will not be satisfied with either the recommended or the "not to exceed" dosage.
Although the magnitude of this association is modest, it may be underestimated by measurement error.
Although a 0.7% absolute reduction in R/D may appear as modest, CT scan may systematically underestimate R/D because of the limited resolution of CT images, which defines that the mean CT attenuation measured on each voxel is an average of different alveolar densities.
"People underestimate the impact of even modest inflation in a modest-return environment," said Harold Evensky, a financial planner in Coral Gables, Fla.
Provider self-efficacy does not necessarily translate into appropriate care, and volumes of affected patients and hypothetical referrals may be underestimates due to the modest self-efficacy identified for many exposures.
While the strength of the association between lead and blood pressure is modest, it may have been substantially underestimated because of measurement error in both lead and blood pressure determinations.
In this study, before treatment, the concordance between how physicians and patients rated symptom severity of heartburn and epigastric pain was only modest and moreover, the physicians consistently underestimated symptom severity.
This effect was superimposed on the more modest effect of progression itself, and may underestimate the combined effect of disease progression which involves spread of disease to the bone.
These studies suggest that previous reports of modest cost savings of pharmacological treatment may be underestimated.
