The U.S. and the U.N. have compromised by funding modest crop substitution programs and maintaining low level contacts with the Taliban but withholding full recognition of their government.
Luckily, small substitutions can add up.
However, we observed a modest, spontaneous base substitution mutator effect and a strong, spontaneous frameshift mutator effect when DNA mismatch repair was nonfunctional.
However, elimination of the cyclopentyl ring in the side chain at position 1 had only a modest effect while substitution of a methyl group for the ether side chain at position 3 did not affect binding at all.
The 10-fold decrease in ATP potency for Phe185 with alanine substitution was modest (Roberts and Evans, 2004), and there was no change in sensitivity for the cysteine mutant (Roberts et al., 2009).
However, given the weak nature of van der Waals interactions, such effects are likely to be relatively modest, and the V408M substitution has no apparent effect either on the predicted hydrogen bond between the nearby residue Tyr and the DNA backbone or on surface charge distribution (data not shown).
For example, the nucleotide B next to the poly-A repeat 'NNB(A)nBNN' is mostly converted to an A (NNB(A)nANN) and not to a C, G, or T. The modest increase in A substitutions next to Cn homopolymers and T substitutions near Gn homopolymers is caused by C G>T A transitions in a CpG context.
While titanium is very effective at retarding the coarsening kinetics of the precipitates, the low levels of titanium substitution result in only modest hardness increases over the binary Al 0.06at.%Sc alloy.
In a practical setting, we expect to have observed some relatively modest number (N) of substitutions in characterized binding sites.
Of these, only the W34A substitution shows a modest (three-fold) reduction in binding affinity compared with the wild-type construct.
