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The polygenic model enables identification of several common genetic variants that each individually confers only modest risk effect to the disease.
This haplotype, composed of the minor alleles of rs763361 and rs727088 polymorphisms and the major allele of rs34794968, was not equivalent to that associated with SLE susceptibility, but showed a modest risk effect in the lung fibrosis positive group of patients.
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While such approaches have often given inconsistent results in different laboratories, meta-analysis of the available data has shown some evidence for modest risk effects associated with common variants in the genes for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.33, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (OR 1.14)), and matrix metalloprotease-9 (OR 1.09).
Sophisticated molecular testing indicates that the common epilepsies are very polygenic without evidence of any single gene having even a mild-to-modest risk effect.
Our results from this study do not support prostate cancer preventive effect of aspirin even in long-term use, although the general elevated risk association among NSAID users may have masked a modest risk decreasing effect.
Despite these modest risk increases, dose-response associations and cessation effects have been consistently reported.
One possible explanation for these modest sexual risk reduction effects among IDUs may be that changing sexual behaviors within steady relationships is more difficult than engaging in safer behaviors in new relationships or with casual sexual partners.
The present study highlights that common variants of inflammatory cytokine genes exert a modest effect on risk of DN and a combination of risk alleles confer a substantial increased risk of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes among Asian Indians.
Furthermore meta-analyses demonstrated that primary prevention with aspirin produces only a modest beneficiary effect on CV risk reduction [ 25– 29].
However, these studies demonstrated that primary prevention with aspirin generates only a modest beneficiary effect on CV risk reduction [ 25– 29].
This association is supported by several, but not all, population-based studies, with a modest pooled effect size (relative risk (RR)=1.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI =1.06 1.12, per 10-cm increase) based on 56 studies up to 2008 (Zuccolo et al, 2008).
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