Previous studies have had conflicting results, showing increased risk, decreased risk or no impact from hormones.
Risk decreased with decreasing age at menopause (Ptrend=0.014).
As perception of risk decreases, the rate of use increases.
The remaining studies, including the three low-dose aspirin randomised trials (Peto et al, 1988; Lee et al, 1995; Cook et al, 2007) and a Danish cohort study that we previously reported (Skriver et al, 2005), revealed a modest, nonsignificantly decreased risk, no appreciable effect or an increased risk, respectively.
Finally, the strengthening of the association between the SRC-3 Q586H SNP and decreased breast cancer risk, and the identification of a rare haplotype within SRC-3 associated with decreased risk, suggest that this information could be used to help identify a subgroup of high-risk women at a more modest risk.
Also, most people will likely be found to have "modest" risk.
Although the observed two-fold decrease in risk is modest, our finding is intriguing because genes in multiple pathways alter the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, and each individual gene is likely to contribute only a modest risk.
Though the observed two-fold decrease in risk is modest, our finding is intriguing because genes in multiple pathways alter the risk for HCC, and each individual gene is likely to contribute only a modest risk.
Sedentary work may be a modest risk factor.
The last two factors convey modest risk compared with age.
