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Exact(8)
Furthermore, in the Women's Health Cohort Study [ 7], the effect size of smoking was relatively modest (relative risk 1.39 and 1.49 for all RA and RF-positive RA, respectively) as compared with that in the Iowa study.
In countries with TB epidemic, even a modest relative risk leads to a significant attributable risk.
Since the proportion of people using nicotine is very high in countries where TB is a major problem, even a modest relative risk amounts to considerable attributable risk of infection to the population[ 18].
However, modest relative risk excesses (∼1.3) observed at the highest cumulative exposures >15 years since first exposure are similar in magnitude to findings from the recently reported SYNERGY case control study (Peters et al, 2012).
"But such large numbers of people in the country and the world engage in sand contact activities that, even with a very modest relative risk, you could see substantial disease burden".
Moreover, if the multiplicative model applies, genes of modest relative risk will, in fact, dramatically increase the absolute risk in the context of a family history, due to multiplication by the polygenic risk implied by their family history.
Similar(52)
However, approximately 1,000 cases and 1,000 controls will be required to detect modest relative risks of 1.5 [ 26].
However, the same meta-analysis gave more modest relative risks for less extreme comparisons (e.g. RR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.63 for 25%to49%9% versus < 5%, a comparison for which our power was just 14%, based on 21 cancers).
Our simulations demonstrate that for reasonable assumptions involving modest relative risks for individual genetic variants, that substantial predictive power can be achieved when risk variants are common (e.g., prevalence > 20%) and data for enough risk variants are available (e.g., ~140 160).
In the 6 studies with greater than 50 total outcome events, 5 studies had modest to small relative risk reductions range (3%33%%).
6 However, each of these alterations confers a modest only relative risk (RR < 2); thus, at present this information is unreliable for the clinic for common complex disease as well as for gastric cancer.
Related(17)
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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