We were here unable to demonstrate any haplotype dependent association to overall risk of MS. However, the genetic contribution of the described SNP is modest, since meta-analyses suggest an overall 1.14 1.19 fold increased risk of ALS or AD in subjects carrying the −2578AA genotype [17], [18] and relative risks of this magnitude are too small to be detected by our study.
In comparison with the levels of statistical support required for GWAS, the evidence for most of the candidate genes was modest despite meta-analyses involving up to 36K subjects (52).
There was modest heterogeneity between meta-analyses in the design difference (estimated I=39%), and fixed effects estimates were slightly larger (33%23%to43o 43%)) (table 3).
In 2008, to increase the power of identifying variants with modest effects, a meta-analysis of three GWAS, including Diabetes Genetics Initiative (DGI), Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION), and Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC), were conducted.
Finally, considering the null findings in this British study and the modest association in the meta-analysis, further research into other possible explanations for an association between shift work and breast cancer, such as residual confounding (33) and other putative mechanisms, is warranted including, for example, the roles of shift-work-associated sleep disturbance and lifestyle changes (34).
This meta-analysis provides modest evidence of PUFA effectiveness in ADHD, especially GLA and EPA for inattention symptoms; however, evidence of reporting bias, publication bias, variable methodological quality, and use of potentially psychoactive placebos limit the generalizability of these findings.
Recent meta-analyses report modest associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNF (encoding TNF-α) and increased risk for asthma [21], system lupus erythamatosus (SLE) [22], and psoriatic arthritis [23].
Overall, meta-analyses identified modest effects for single interventions on two review outcomes.
Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest modest positive associations between ambient air pollution and cardiorespiratory and metabolic diseases.
Fibrate monotherapy trials have provided mixed results, although a recent meta-analysis suggested modest but significant benefits, particularly for nonfatal myocardial infarction (12).
