"There's this enormous issue of why," said David Cutler, an economics professor at Harvard who was an author of a 2008 paper that found modest declines in life expectancy for less educated white women from 1981 to 2000.
Researchers, including some involved in the earlier studies that found more modest declines in life expectancy, said that Professor Olshansky's methodology was sound and that the findings reinforced evidence of a troubling pattern that has emerged for those at the bottom of the education ladder, particularly white women.
The mouse has only a modest decrease in life expectancy, whereas human sufferers of DMD experience severe muscle wasting culminating in death within the second decade.
Modern mono and doublet chemotherapy regimens have translated into modest increases in life expectancy and improved quality of life, but at the expense of systemic and pulmonary adverse events (AEs).
It is a chronic disease with a modest effect on life expectancy, but a broad spectrum of consequences, of variable severity, on physical and psychological characteristics, that vary between individuals and within individuals over time.
This review found that the use of 99mTc-MIBI to preselect non-resistant patients for chemotherapy could potentially result in significant health cost savings and modest increases in life expectancy.
What all of this suggests, Dr. Lee says, is "that physical activity, even at a modest level, can increase life expectancy".
12 This study showed only a modest narrowing of the life expectancy gap in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, countries with arguably some of the best and most equitably distributed healthcare in the world.
In the case of Social Security, that premise is doubtful; slow adjustments to the retirement age, tied to changes in life expectancy, along with modest means-testing and protection for those with lower incomes, could right the program without too much pain.
Although gains in life expectancy may be modest at the individual level, population benefits are substantial.
