Low variation explained by the across-site genotype effect may be related to modest local genetic variation within the Norway spruce metapopulations of north-eastern Poland (Lewandowski and Burczyk 2002).
Humans have modest intraspecies genetic variations among mammals (Kaessmann et al. 2001; Zhang and Plastow 2011).
In contrast, the populations in this study were seeded with a modest amount of genetic variation and exhibited a mixed mating system, similar to wild populations of C. elegans.
Relatively minor degrees of genetic variation can lead to substantial structural and functional changes – as evidenced by the modest changes that distinguish primate species or that can produce profound disease phenotypes in Mendelian-related traits.
There has, nevertheless, been considerable evidence that modest but significant levels of genetic variation does occur within species in the genus.
However, a substantial proportion of the heritability of many of these diseases remains left unexplained as traditional GWAS based upon SNPs have only accounted for a modest proportion of the total genetic variation.
Based on the extensive evidence that common genetic variation with modest effects underlies susceptibility to common complex diseases [ 12] and on the impossibility of linkage analysis to detect such signals [ 13], association studies have constituted the main tool for improving our understanding of the genetic factors affecting ALI susceptibility and outcome.
The expected heterozygosities and allele numbers indicate a modest and relatively even level of genetic variation.
26 33 Genetic variation plays a modest role in determining variation in how long we live 34 35 and cannot account for the major declines in life disparity and increases in life expectancy or the large differences in life expectancy and disparity among countries.
Second, the cancer risk conferred by the genetic variation is indeed very modest, and the penetrance is very small for the variants.
