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Interestingly, although increased gene expression of IL-1β was induced by all these stimuli, the protein was only detected at modest concentrations in DC stimulated with 100 µg/mL M. vaccae, suggesting activation of the inflammasome pathway [29].
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Parenteral administration of immunoglobulins (Ig) for prevention or treatment of respiratory diseases achieves only modest concentrations of antibody in the pulmonary interstitial tissue and airways.
Our results indicate that even modest concentrations of sediment in water will significantly limit heat transfer during non-explosive magma water interactions.
Except for the more specific and dramatic effects on male sexual function and fertility, endocrine disruptors that are systematically present in modest concentrations seem likely to present a range of effects that have much in common with many other chemical pollutants.
In n-type oxides, these states have the lowest formation energy among the native point defects and are expected to occur in modest concentrations.
Finally, earlier work has noted responses to modest concentrations of metformin even in the presence of hydrolysis-resistant forms of cAMP [ 48].
Nanofluids, which are engineered suspensions of nanoparticles in a solvent such as water, have been found to show enhanced coolant properties such as higher critical heat flux and surface wettability at modest concentrations, which is a useful characteristic in nuclear power plants (NPPs).
We observe, however, that relatively modest arsenic concentrations in drinking water were associated with increased odds of nausea/vomiting and abdominal cramping during pregnancy.
ACPD suppressed the effect of a modest concentration of IBMX in this regard (its effects against dbcAMP were not tested, as dbcAMP essentially bypasses adenylate cyclase, the point of impact of mGluR agonism).
As S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A induce an phenotype via a relatively modest concentration of organisms in the blood (Wain et al., 1998; Nga et al., 2010), we hypothesized that the host/pathogen interactions during early enteric fever would provide unique metabolite profiles.
A modest increase in perylene concentrations in sediments from the late 1960s may be associated with flood-derived transport of higher amounts of degraded terrestrial organic matter from fire-denudated landscapes into the coastal environment.
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