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Conclusions The results suggest a modest adverse effect of income inequality on health, although the population impact might be larger if the association is truly causal.
In a meta-analysis, Kondo et al. (22) found a modest adverse effect of income inequality on self-rated health and mortality.
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Hyperactivation of the receptors by additional supplementation of NMDA (500 μM) and glycine (100 μM) to the culture medium caused only modest adverse effects (Table 5).
Furthermore, a phase I pharmacokinetic study of HMN-176 demonstrated that the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of HMN-176 (8 mg/m2/day) is well tolerated, with some modest adverse effects, including myalgia/bone pain syndrome, hyperglycemia, neutropenic sepsis, and neuropathy.
Niacin has been associated with modest adverse effects on glycemic control [ 38], and statin therapy (particularly intensive-dose) has been associated with concerns regarding increased risk of developing diabetes [ 39– 41].
"I think the reasonable lessons from this study are that there may be modest effects on activity level from additives or preservatives and that better, more precise studies are needed to determine whether it is the additives alone, the preservatives alone, or the combination that is responsible for these modest adverse effects".
In chronic disease such as SLE where a number of treatments have proved to have modest efficacy, adverse effects associated with treatment have a significant influence on the choice of treatment.
Yet, the majority of studies do not find that depression results in worse smoking cessation outcomes and has a modest, if any, adverse effect on abstinence.
There is evidence that suggests that putting a child under two in full-time nursery may have some modest adverse emotional and behavioural effects in the long term.
However, modest adverse as well as protective effects cannot be ruled out with 95% confidence.
Addition of the drug adverse effect score yielded modest but significant improvement in the area under the curve (0.64, 0.63 to 0.65; P<0.001 for comparison with simpler model; net reclassification improvement 10.9%; P<0.001).
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