As a counterpart ternary heterostructure, CdS/ZnS/ZnO contains only two interfaces: CdS-ZnS interface and ZnS-ZnO interface, which form two charge carrier-transfer modes (type-I and type-II) through two carrier-transfer pathways, leading to its much lower hydrogen evolution rate (27.25 mmol h−1 g−1) than ZnS/CdS/ZnO ternary heterostructure.
Herein, we develop a novel ZnS/CdS/ZnO ternary heterostructure by the in-situ sulfuration of CdS/ZnO, which includes four contact interfaces: CdS-ZnS interface, ZnS-ZnO interface, CdS-ZnO interface and ZnS-CdS-ZnO ternary interface, forming three charge carrier-transfer modes (type-I, type-II and direct Z-scheme) through five carrier-transfer pathways.
By using a novel optical ray tracing method, we have figured out four main types of optical resonant cavities inside the three-dimensional micro-cone, including two Fabry Perot modes types as well as two whispering gallery modes types.
An obvious observation is that the resonance linewidth reduces from dipole modes (types A and C) to quadrupole modes (types B and D) and also from regular nanorod shapes to irregular nanobipyramid shapes.
This is followed by a discussion of characterization, involving modes, types, and typologies, then setting (the environment in a work).
To run COLDEN in the interactive CLI mode, type 'prop_colden' at the Unix prompt.
To run DATES in CLI mode, type 'prop_dates' at the UNIX prompt.
Two scenarios for mode type selection are tentatively proposed.
The properties of each mode type are given mathematically.
Characteristics of each mode type are analytically proved.
The proposed method is applied and verified in the case of each observed failure mode type.
