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The ultimate strength predicted by American Aluminum Design Manual (AA), Direct Strength Method (DSM), European Code (EN1999) and Chinese Design Specification for Aluminum Alloy Structures (GB50429) were lower than FEM simulation results, no matter what kind of failure modes the column encountered.
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The stress strain model of the concrete in a DSCT column was defined by identifying the possible failure modes of the column and deriving the equations for the confining pressure for each failure mode from equilibriums.
The observed failure modes for the column tests include yielding, overall buckling, and material yielding in the heat-affected zone.
The modelling techniques are validated using experimental results to establish the capability of the numerical model to capture the impact response and failure modes of the column.
A proposed mechanical model is developed and is able to predict the strength, stiffness, ductility, and all possible failure modes of the column flange.
As well as demonstrably bearing ionic functional groups enabling analyte separation in the cation-exchange mode, the columns exhibited additional hydrophobic characteristics which influenced the separation process.
The column-wall failure mode is more desirable than the beam-end (or beam-section) continuous failure mode under the column removal scenario due to the former's ability to develop an effective catenary mechanism to bridge over the member failure of the column itself.
After that first summer they decided to form a quintet, choosing the name Dorian after the musical mode and the column (they liked its simplicity).
Figure 6 shows the failure mode of the column specimens at the end of testing.
A 1-μL portion of the derivatized extract was injected in splitless mode onto the column.
Despite the steel batten columns in CFBBCs with axial load-carrying cores, buckling is not the major failure mode of the column.
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